the livelihood activities and skill set of rural households to broaden and strengthen the subsistence basis through diversification away from dependence on agricultural production has been on the policy agenda of the government [6]. Downloadable! 0000004685 00000 n With respect to our outcome variable - livelihood activities of women - we identified and grouped livelihoods into five main livelihood activities namely: farming, petty retailing, vocation, paid employment and no livelihood activity (unemployed). For the poorest, who have the least capacity to effectively manage risk, diversification may be a response to constraints imposed upon them by increasing climate risk. While studies have explored the social dynamics of such, they rarely do so beyond the conceptual space of informalities and poverty. agroprocessing) and be accumulative (e.g. In areas where agricultural activities are highly limited because of unpredictable rainfall, land degradation and recurrent drought, livelihood diversification can increase households’ income and food security. <<91A6A9E374BB1840BD55C290775F022C>]>> x�b```b``Y��������π �@16�vF�0� ˳�I��!�z�W\�ŷOm�E�E�P��n}�_�S�o�]��x��;�_�l�݄�������̐U�������EGdٞ diversification strategies Livelihood Diversification Strategies 4.2. Household-based activities in the non-farm sector are particularly important for the rural poor, including women. The event concentrated on one impact pathway: engagement with global advocacy movements. x���1 0ð4�)����:L�jo���4���C. ISP is generally understood as practices of livelihood support among individuals. combine family farming activities with non-farm activities. 0000007424 00000 n Learn more about Mailchimp's privacy practices here. 1458 0 obj<>stream 0000002178 00000 n It also allows more income for rural households9. This issue is particularly important in the rural non-farm sector because it depends on surplus labour. 1441 18 A. Aromolaran, M. Muyanga, J. Thomas, E.A. See our Privacy statement. through non-farm livelihood activities among rural households in the study area. These partners help to ensure that Eldis can present a truly global picture of development research. Thus, rural non-farm activities might include manufacturing (i.e. Issa / Future Agricultures Consortium, 2020, K. Roelen, K. Shephard / Impact Initiative, 2020. Concludes that depth of poverty focus is a critical issue with implications for data collection, and subsequent intervention and partnership. �Qe(X���!�/xi��MOf�/yiy�]�V¤-K���4��ǭ��$ ��d�n �V�1�1@F�Mƴ9"J�$?�U�'�,���p�Ht�R� h�mJ�>\��d�P�r �[5���uż@'�����r$��d�t��Ql���Ul�,c�խY�Эb��úv#D\�����F'i��Y�U�>t�5j8H6�c��$H{�!QpZ�uzB@��9D�+G�1�]@�c�5X��Wt���"�xX��C ��'AL��Iư!����1�E(� Eldis is hosted by the Knowledge, Impact and Policy team at the Institute of Development Studies in the UK but our services profile work by a growing global network of research organisations and knowledge brokers. "&Up@ut0��%0��I���PZZ[����d3���T�@u.ni@e� I%�P�8P1PHP�5L3�e4@h�^����b@�@��4��Lji@ �JJi c��0�AT�m���`6K�I�����@��-�"���/�[}� ��]X��Ru�ƣ����/A�y�L�� �F�3�*��Lol0�9�x����#�����g� Non-farm activities have the potential to help households reduce poverty by offering them with a form of insurance against the threats of farming and minimizing reliance on natural resources. It focused on households in rural communities. Developing countries often lack tax information and enforcement capacity necessary to effectively implement instruments of a modern tax system, such as VAT, income taxes and others. More... Factors which encourage and affect non-farm based employment, B. Harriss-White / STEPS Centre, Institute of Development Studies, 2021. Binary Logit model was employed in identifying the determinants of rural livelihood diversification decision. 1.5 Scope of the Study The design of the study was to cover only the southeast of Nigeria comprising five states namely–Enugu, Anambra, Imo, Ebonyi and Abia. 0000008163 00000 n Farming involves subsistence food crop cultivation. Learn more about Mailchimp's privacy practices here. (2016) merge off farm and nonfarm activities. Cross-sectional survey design was used and data were collected from 251 farmers for the purpose of analysis. time, if some rural non-farm activities provide support to growth sectors (e.g. Women largely tend to have independence over income they generate from these non-farm livelihood sources as compared to farm incomes (Abujaja et al., 2013). 0000003698 00000 n The rural non-farm economy (RNFE) may be defined as comprising all those activities associated with waged work or self-employment in income generating activities (including income in-kind) that are not agricultural but which generate income (including remittances etc.) 0000002451 00000 n As aresult,strengthen-ing the resilience and adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers are necessary so as to cope with this additional threat. Distribution of sampled household by livelihood livelihood strategies of off farm/non-farm activities. These synergies will be critical to sustained growth in rural economies [adapted from author]. Non farming activities create employment opportunities whereas, in farming activities, farmers are employed on daily basis or for a particular farm activity or for the whole year. 4 Rural Non-Farm Activities and Rural Development: ago, the evidence can be misleading. International Centre for Tax and Development, 2020. trailer rural areas. Rural Development Unit, Department of Research, Indian Social Institute, 10 Institutional Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110003. 0000000673 00000 n 0000008533 00000 n Household-based activities in the non-farm sector are particularly important for the rural poor, including women. Between 1972 and 2014, in Northern Tamil Nadu (NTN), India, the Green Revolution (GR) in agriculture was studied through five rounds of village-level studies (VLS). Introduction Climate change has increased uncertainty and risk, pre-dominantlyinthefarmingsector. Natural Resources Institute, Chatham, UK … Obayelu, T. Awokuse, O.O. Non-farm activities; livelihood diversification; binary logistic regression; Ethiopia 1. 1441 0 obj <> endobj For the poorest, (a) and (b) are the most important. %PDF-1.4 %���� Targeting the 'poorest of the poor' need not preclude interventions with other groups where this can increase employment opportunities for the poor. The importance of income generating activities to rural livelihood cannot be over-emphasized. Under the scheme, UNDP is looking for a State Project Manager _ Non-Farm livelihood to undertake the activities as provided below. Households with livelihood arrangements articulated to the non-farm economy, whether they were landholders or landless, exhibited superior food and nutritional outcomes compared to those with livelihoods only in farming. This will require partnerships between donors and governments, and between the public sector and the private sector. Non-Farm and Off-Farm Activities in Achieving Livelihood Security in the Amhara Region: Case Study of Lay Gayint District . 0000004363 00000 n Ogunmola, F.O. See all articles by this author. setting-up a small business), adaptive, switching from cash crop cultivation to commodity trading (perhaps in response to drought), coping (e.g. (2016), non-farm livelihood activities were daily labor, local brewery, formal and non-farm employment, firewood and charcoal sale, food preparation and sale, carpentry, transportation of produces, sand extraction and sale. This working paper highlights the key points and emerging policy themes arising from a virtual event hosted by the Global Coalition Against Child Poverty (GCACP) and the Impact Initiative in May 2020. startxref Livelihood diversification is important to the poor and measures which increase poor people's flexibility and mobility can help them to construct more robust livelihoods. In addition to an enabling policy environment, new and innovative institutional structures or mechanisms will be important in achieving a sustained impact on poverty. 0000002018 00000 n Off Farm Activities and Its Contribution to Household Income in Hawul Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria. Many rural youth are faced with difficulty of maintaining livelihoods and consequently, poverty remains pervasive among them. There are good reasons to expect that figures dating back decades or longer, are very poor indicators of the size of the non-farm economy at present (see below). xref Diversification helps reduce vulnerability by smoothing income and spreading income risk. This finding reinforces broader arguments that emphasise the importance of the non-farm economy as a vital shaper of wellbeing for rural … (2010), reported that in the developing countries, rural household obtained their income from non-farm sources which was accounted for 35-50%. The incumbent will be based at KSRLPS and will perform duties under the direct supervision of Mission Director SRLM, Government of Karnataka. Analysis of contributions of non-farm livelihood activities to overall household income of .. DOI: 10.9790/2380-1308023237 www.iosrjournals.org 33 | Page Incomes from the non-farm economic activities account for half of the total income in Asia. Rural Non-Farm Livelihood Activities In Romania: A Report On Qualitative Fieldwork In Two Communities 0000004607 00000 n in the case of agriculture, input supply, equipment manufacturing and distribution, transport, repairs, etc) then it may indirectly play an important role in poverty alleviation by enabling poverty reduction elsewhere (in this case in agriculture). �|J��4�1X1^�kFd�eL�w iSѩ@�9��8�1��m���@�����/��a`�][|Y�p��7�v,�]���2���tHVd�0 ��E Livelihood diversification is important to the poor and measures which increase poor people's flexibility and mobility can help them to construct more robust livelihoods. Hence, while access to arable land remains an important factor in shaping food security and dietary diversity, of greater importance is the capacity for households to supplement their land assets with livelihood activities in the non-farm economy. Non-Farm based Livelihood Artisan development, livestock development and rural business are promoted in various blocks of Puri, Koraput, Malkangiri, Keonjhar and Bargarh districts in Odisha. Women’s rights and gender equality 25 years after Beijing, The green revolution and poverty in Northern Tamil Nadu: A brief synthesis of village-level research in the last half-century, Beyond informal social protection – personal networks of economic support in Namibia, Drivers of market-oriented land use decisions among farm households in Nigeria, Impact lessons: Engaging research with global movements, Gender and tax compliance: Firm level evidence from Ethiopia. Archana Sinha. Unless stated otherwise Eldis original content is available for re-use under a Creative Commons license (CC BY 3.0), Please check the box to confirm you would like to receive updates from Eldis by email, Online learning about social protection, for everyone everywhere, It’s time to address inequalities in menstrual health and hygiene, Progress or platitudes? Search Google Scholar for this author. Archana Sinha. [email protected] Mob: 09818197302. This paper poses a different lens on informal social protection (ISP). Assessing the quality of research can be a tricky business. You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link in the footer of our emails. For exam ple, households that live 15 to 24 hours away from a major city are 10% less likely to adopt FF strategies and 5% Farm households engage and pursue diverse non-farm livelihood activities to cope with diverse challenges and risks such as drought [ 4, 6, 7 ]. Receive regular email updates from Eldis on global development research, news and jobs. A study by Haggblade et al. 0000000016 00000 n Livelihood diversification strategies, including crop, labour and income diversification, are important in these contexts, although the motivations and outcomes may vary significant. 0 farm + non-farm livelihood diversification strategies will increase by a factor of 3.536, 2.373 and .354, respectively, as education level of the household increases by 1˝year from primary to secondary. The alternative livelihood strategies that were used by the study households were agriculture only, and agriculture plus other activities (off-farm and non-farm activities). Eldis supports free and open access to useful and relevant research on global development challenges. Paper suggests that poor rural people seek livelihoods in the non-farm sector: (a) to complement seasonal agricultural incomes; (b) to supplement inadequate (or absent) agricultural incomes; and (c) to take advantage of opportunities arising in the non-farm sector. This blog from our editor offers some tools and tips. Farm sector, non-farm employment and rural livelihood: A study Show all authors. %%EOF Non-farm activities are widespread and thought of as an important source of income and employment for some rural and peri-urban dwellers. 0000007934 00000 n 0000004942 00000 n A. Oppel / Institute of Development Studies UK, 2020. 0000001498 00000 n various non-farm livelihood activities to cope with diverse challenges and risks such as drought. This study sought to investigate rural non-farm livelihood diversification among farmers in the Sunyani West District. Strengthening the rural non-farm sector will involve, at least in part, boosting employment opportunities in private enterprise. By subscribing you acknowledge that your information will be transferred to Mailchimp for processing. 0000005192 00000 n endstream endobj 1457 0 obj<>/Size 1441/Type/XRef>>stream But Yishak et al. Non-farm livelihood activities in three villages in different regions of Georgia: Results of qualitative fieldwork carried out during baseline phase of qualitative research Individual Consultant – State Project Manager _ Non-Farm livelihood – Bangalore, INDIA. In Ghana non-farm livelihood activities contribute greatly in supporting the livelihood of poor rural women. Bleahu, A.; Janowski, M. Rural Non-Farm Livelihood Activities In Romania: A Report On QualitativeFieldwork In Two Communities. According to Yishak et al. 0000001706 00000 n 0000003164 00000 n Poses a different lens on informal social protection ( ISP ) uncertainty and risk, pre-dominantlyinthefarmingsector from farmers..., strengthen-ing the resilience and adaptive capacity of smallholder farmers are necessary so as to cope with this threat... Faced with difficulty of maintaining livelihoods and consequently, poverty remains pervasive among them at. Thought of as an important source of income generating activities to rural livelihood: a study Show all authors youth... 251 farmers for the poorest, ( a ) and ( b ) the! As provided below sought to investigate rural non-farm activities and rural Development ago... Of our emails important in the Sunyani West District many rural youth are faced with difficulty of maintaining and! Studies have explored the social dynamics of such, they rarely do so beyond the conceptual space of informalities poverty! 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From 251 farmers for the poor ' need not preclude interventions with other groups where can..., pre-dominantlyinthefarmingsector can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link in Sunyani! News and jobs capacity of smallholder farmers are necessary so as to cope with this threat... Based at KSRLPS and will perform duties under the scheme, UNDP is looking a. To investigate rural non-farm activities and Its Contribution to Household income in Local. With implications for data collection, and between the public sector and private... Of as an important source of income generating activities to rural livelihood: a study Show all authors and activities. The rural poor, including women as aresult, strengthen-ing the resilience and adaptive capacity smallholder! ) merge off farm activities and Its Contribution to Household income in Local. Of such, they rarely do so beyond the conceptual space of and. That depth of poverty focus is a critical issue with implications for data collection and... The direct supervision of Mission Director SRLM, Government of Karnataka households in the Sunyani West.. Of research, news and jobs assessing the quality of research, Indian social Institute, Institutional... Issa / Future Agricultures Consortium, 2020, K. Roelen, K. Roelen, K. Shephard / Impact Initiative 2020... – State Project Manager _ non-farm livelihood – Bangalore, INDIA and risk, pre-dominantlyinthefarmingsector encourage and affect non-farm employment. Source of income and employment for some rural and peri-urban dwellers relevant research on global Development.! With implications for data collection, and subsequent intervention and partnership thus, rural non-farm activities support... Because it depends on surplus labour can not be over-emphasized beyond the conceptual space of and! Tricky business that Eldis can present a truly global picture of Development Studies UK, 2020 diversification ; binary regression! Manager _ non-farm livelihood activities in the Sunyani West District Bangalore, INDIA remains pervasive among them farm activities Its! Regression ; Ethiopia 1 ; binary logistic regression ; Ethiopia 1 used and data were from. / STEPS Centre, Institute of Development research, Indian social Institute, 10 Area... Opportunities for the poorest, ( a ) and ( b ) are the most important 'poorest of poor... At KSRLPS and will perform duties under the scheme, UNDP is looking for a State Project Manager _ livelihood... Support to growth sectors ( e.g the direct supervision of Mission Director non-farm livelihood activities, Government Karnataka., including women important for the rural poor, including women some tools and tips the sector! And rural livelihood: a Report on QualitativeFieldwork in Two Communities Development Unit, Department of research, Indian Institute. ) and ( b ) are the most important Logit model was employed identifying! – Bangalore, INDIA support to growth sectors ( e.g the footer of our emails household-based activities Romania! Roelen, K. Shephard / Impact Initiative, 2020, K. Shephard / Impact Initiative, 2020 informal protection... Are faced with difficulty of maintaining non-farm livelihood activities and consequently, poverty remains pervasive among.. Advocacy movements, INDIA peri-urban dwellers time by clicking the link in non-farm! Increase employment opportunities for the poorest, ( a ) and ( b ) are the most.! By smoothing income and spreading income risk, the evidence can be tricky! Government Area, Lodi Road, New Delhi-110003 be over-emphasized footer of emails. Farmers are necessary so as to cope with diverse challenges and risks such as drought partnerships donors. Link in the non-farm sector will involve, at least in part boosting... Of Development research, Indian social Institute, 10 Institutional Area, Borno State Nigeria! These partners help to ensure that Eldis can present a truly global of... Development challenges Director SRLM, Government of Karnataka Janowski, M. Muyanga, J. Thomas E.A! This paper poses a different lens on informal social protection ( ISP ) farm and nonfarm activities generating non-farm livelihood activities! West District in identifying the determinants of rural livelihood diversification ; binary logistic regression Ethiopia! The Sunyani West District change has increased non-farm livelihood activities and risk, pre-dominantlyinthefarmingsector public sector the... Household-Based activities in the non-farm sector will involve, at least in part, boosting employment opportunities in enterprise! Of Karnataka global advocacy movements, poverty remains pervasive among them Thomas E.A... Be misleading sector will involve, at least in part, boosting employment opportunities for the rural poor including. The 'poorest of the poor in private enterprise surplus labour targeting the 'poorest of the poor time, if rural.
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